The Apple Fruit Essay Sample free essay sample

The apple is the kind of natural product that individuals around the universe like to eat. It has numerous preferences for your wellbeing. At the point when you have it in your manus. you’ll realize that there are three contrast boss focuses in apple. for example, great gustatory sensation. distinction shading and solid natural product. The main point is it has acceptable gustatory sensation. In the event that you liberates it in the electric cooler for long clasp. its gustatory sensation will be superior to prior. After you take it from the electric cooler. you should cut it into four sections. At that point you take a piece among of 4s into your oral hole. in the blink of an eye. Since the bits of apple are cold. you’ll loll it each piece great. So you’ll think it is delicious. Second point is the apple came into contrast shading. For example, bronzed. xanthous and light pale blue and so forth. By one way or another. individuals like it because of its shading unnecessarily. We will compose a custom paper test on The Apple Fruit Essay Sample or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page A few people like reddish apple. yet, some like other light blue. For my idea. the colourss of apple are acceptable. furthermore, it looks scrumptious. The most loved of apple of individuals is up to its shading. The last point is it is solid natural product. It contains to numerous points of interest of nutrients. For case. nutrient C which can be useful for your eyes. Nutrient B can do your covering become delicately and wonderfully. At some point. at the point when you go to the clinic. you’ll hear the doctor says † If you eat an apple for a twenty-four hours. you won’t be sick. â€Å" All things considered. the apple is the most well known organic product which is eaten by individuals everywhere throughout the universe. It’s great gustatory sensation. contrast shading and sound natural product. It hasn’t only over three focuses. be that as it may, it has other than numerous different points of interest for your health. One other thing is you won’t be sick on the off chance that you eat one apple for a twenty-four hours.

International Accounting Standards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Global Accounting Standards - Essay Example The reasonable worth framework has all together improved the data to the individual clients of the economy. Global Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS): IFRS is a private area association which is working for the enthusiasm of open. The fundamental targets of IFRS establishment are: 1) It makes a solitary arrangement of value which is reasonable and enforceable around the world. The standard setting body that helps in detailing the guidelines for the association is the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) (IFRS Foundation. 2013k). 2) They are liable for advancing the utilization and use of those guidelines. 3) They are responsible for announcing the budgetary needs of the little and medium estimated organizations. 4) They are additionally liable for shielding the working of IASB along these lines guaranteeing the financing of the association. The Trustees of the association are responsible for Monitoring Board of the Public Authorities (IFRS Foundation. 2013k). Universal Ac counting Standards Board: IASB is the standard setting body under the administration of IFRS Foundation. ... 2013g). There are not many standard setting obligations which IASB needed to satisfy. In doing as such, it needs to experience an open and careful procedure which is additionally straightforward for open remark and conversation in papers or presentation to drafts. It associates effectively with the partners around the world. Like the examiners, controllers, financial specialists, business pioneers and bookkeeping standard setters. Reasonable Value: IFRS 13 has characterized reasonable incentive as the value that is â€Å"received to offer an advantage or paid to move an obligation in an organized exchange between showcase members at the estimation dates† (IFRS Foundation, 2013e). The reasonable worth framework sets a solitary IFRS system for estimating the reasonable worth. In the wake of estimating it is revealed to general society. Here, IFRS assumes a significant job in overseeing and estimating the reasonable worth framework. Supporting the targets of the IFRS Foundation: The exercises that are embraced by the IFRS Foundation for satisfying the destinations of association are taken consideration by the staffs of IFRS Foundation. Those exercises incorporated the accompanying: 1) The significant movement of IFRS establishment was to furnish the overall capital market with a typical language of money related detailing. Subsequently XBRL scientific classification is made by IFRS for the SMEs to encourage electronic utilization, similarity and trade of the money related information which are set up as per the IFRS standards. The movement is executed by the IFRS XBRL colleagues. They are liable for keeping up and creating XBRL portrayals of IFRS which is known as the IFRS scientific classification. Scientific classifications are the sorted out arrangement plans which are additionally â€Å"computer clear dictionaries† (IFRS Foundation, 2013a) 2) They are associated with creation of good quality and up to dated materials which

A View from the Class Diego Folly de Andrade MPA 19 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

A View from the Class Diego Folly de Andrade MPA 19 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The SIPA Office of Alumni and Development is pleased to share A View from the Class, a SIPA stories series featuring current SIPA students, recently graduated alumni, and faculty. In this issue, we feature recent graduate SIPA Diego Folly de Andrade MPA 19. A second-year Master of Public Administration (MPA) candidate, Diego is concentrating in International Finance and Economic Policy with a specialization in Advanced Policy and Economic Analysis. He is a fellow in SIPA’s International Fellows Program, a Lemann Foundation SIPA Fellow, and a World Bank Graduate Scholarship Program Fellow. What were you doing prior to attending SIPA? I worked in the Brazilian Government as a Labor Inspector at the Ministry of Labor and as an International Advisor to the Government Secretary in the Brazilian President’s Office. As a Labor Inspector, I actively participated in the formulation and regulation of the National Occupational and Safety Health (OSH) Policy and helped to improve the living and working conditions of people living in Rio’s poorest communities. I also participated in the Mobile Group for Slave Eradication, helping to release workers from degrading work conditions. As an Advisor to the Government Secretary, I articulated public policies to promote social development and to facilitate the social dialogue between civil society and Government, and participated in the development of an institutional framework to implement Sustainable Development Goals across Brazil. Why did you choose SIPA? SIPA is highly rated with outstanding professors and public practitioners. Moreover, its programs attract diverse and international students with successful career experiences. What have been some of your standout experiences at SIPA? I participated in a Capstone workshop with Free The Slaves, researching and developing a monitoring and evaluation tool to measure the socio-economic status of participants in programs combating child domestic servitude in Haiti. I also did a summer internship at Eurasia Group Lab, assessing Brazilian political risk during the presidential elections. I competed in SIPA’s Public Policy Dean’s Challenge Grant student competition. My team, Citizap, is developing an Artificial Intelligence (AI) â€" based virtual assistant that connects people with public agencies in their place of residence. The goal is to improve the quality of public services provided, strengthening digital governance and public engagement in city management. What are your plans now that you graduated from SIPA? I plan to return to Brazil and to help design public policies that focus on promoting decent work, sustainable development, and social inclusion. Is there anything else you would like to add? I am grateful to Columbia and SIPA for this amazing experience. I am also thankful for my fellow Seeples for making me feel integrated into the community, for the unique experiences and views, and for the bond of solidarity built during this time. I look to education as a means of transformation and overcoming obstacles. Throughout my life, the generosity of people who I did not know well helped make my education possible. Thanks to the support and hard work of my parents and to the scholarships and fellowships I have received, I been able to achieve my dreams of studying at highly ranked universities. I hope to do the same for others and dream of ensuring fundamental rights for all Brazilian citizens, so that in the future, all children have the chance to follow their dreams and achieve what they once thought was impossible.

Euthanasia An Ethical Dilemma Essay - 1810 Words

The ethical debate regarding euthanasia dates back to ancient Greece and Rome. It was the Hippocratic School (c. 400B.C.) that eliminated the practice of euthanasia and assisted suicide from medical practice. Euthanasia in itself raises many ethical dilemmas – such as, is it ethical for a doctor to assist a terminally ill patient in ending his life? Under what circumstances, if any, is euthanasia considered ethically appropriate for a doctor? More so, euthanasia raises the argument of the different ideas that people have about the value of the human experience. Philosopher, Ezekial Emanuel, asserts that the ethical belief in the 19th and 20th century in the United States are reminiscent of those today, both in terms of content and†¦show more content†¦In 1997, the United States Supreme Court ruled in a landmark case that, although there was no constitutionally protected right to physician-assisted suicide, states have passed laws allowing it; therefore, the ethical issue of euthanasia remains open to philosophical, political, legal, and ethical challenges. The lack of consensus in American society on the ethical question of euthanasia may be attributed to the complexity and gravity of the issue. This study will discuss and explore the question of under what circumstance is euthanasia considered ethically appropriate? As such, this study will examine the ethics of euthanasia from three different ethically perspectives: (1) the doctor, (2) the assisting non-doctor (i.e. Nurse or family) and (3) the patient who requests/consents. Therefore, it is goal of this author to invite you to study the ethical questions related to the modern issue of euthanasia. This study addressed (1) in detail the history of euthanasia and its significance in society, (2) the legal cases of the topic, (3) the contemporary thoughts, and (4) the thoughts of Plato, Aristotle, and Aquinas. The author has attempted to present the basicShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Dilemmas Of Euthanasia Essay1638 Words   |  7 PagesThe Ethical Dilemmas of Euthanasia in Canada with the Legalization of Physician-Assisted Suicide This systematic analysis of the professional literature will explore the ethical dilemmas that Canadian medical professionals face while considering euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide, the latter of which was made legal in Canada on June 17, 2016 (Chochinov and Frazee, 2016). This paper will discusses the conflicts that healthcare professionals are faced with when looking at the quality of lifeRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma of Euthanasia761 Words   |  4 PagesThe Ethical Dilemma of Euthanasia An incredibly controversial issue clouds the minds of millions of people everyday as death confronts them. The problem revolves around the ethics of euthanasia. Should medical assisted suicide be outlawed in all situations or under certain circumstances, could it be considered ethical? Do humans violate nature’s course with science and advanced technology by playing God? Why should doctors and families witness their loved ones suffer when the solutionRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Euthanasia1085 Words   |  5 PagesBenchmark Assignment: Ethical Dilemmas Euthanasia is most commonly known when used to put down an animal. What about using euthanasia on humans that wish to end their life due to medical reasons? 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This Literature Review is organized into six sub-categories: (1) the law (2) medical issues (3) patient capacity and autonomy (4) expenditures: palliative care vs. assisted suicide (5) family (6) ethics. This review will offer a foundational understanding of the practices of euthanasia and PAS and defi ning the various dilemmas that have arisen for medical professionalsRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Voluntary Euthanasia1125 Words   |  5 Pagesto consider the serious ethical dilemma of voluntary euthanasia. Is euthanasia murder or a justifiable suicide? Our approach and opinions to this sensitive ethical dilemma is sharply contrasted based in our convictions and ethics derived from our own personal worldview. I will evaluate and examine euthanasia’s ethical dilemma according to my Christian worldview and compare the moral rules, right or wrong, that many believe, allowing man to suffer is immoral. Ethical Dilemma Joni is a young adult who

Benefits and Drawbacks of a Family Owned Business - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2486 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Table of Content Scenario Aà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. 2 ¼Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ 5 Scenario Bà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. 5 ¼Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ 6 Scenario Cà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã ‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. 6 Scenario Dà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. 6 ¼Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ 8 Scenario Eà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. 8 ¼Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ 10 Referencesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. 10 ¼Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ 12 Scenario A Benefit of Family-Owned Business The congenital advantage of family enterprises and internal defects Family enterprises in all enterprise organization form, has its particularity. This particularity lies in the own ership of family enterprises in the hands of the blood, kinship ties to family members, but it does not follow that family business is a kind of low efficiency enterprise form. On the contrary, as an institutional arrangement, its own existence explains the rationality of its existence and the family enterprise vitality is that compared with other forms of enterprises has its good side. Of course, advantages and disadvantages and shortcomings, but also can hardly be avoided, this particularity also led to the inherent defects of family enterprise many fundamental. Here we have the congenital advantage of family enterprises and internal defects analysis: In the Chelmsford Hotel business, family ownership and control of the two rights, family members are involved in business management and participate in the distribution of the residual claim, so the Chelmsford Hotel in the members of the family power management enterprise, which faces the possibility of adverse selection and moral risk is greatly reduced. At the same time, formed a small group between family members in family enterprises, groups inside often-together communication, and the coordination cost members and between members of information asymmetry is reduced. Drawbacks of Family-Owned Business And these congenital advantages are associated with the particularity of the family business to also lead to the many internal defects. These internal defects are determined by the particularity of the family business, attached to this particularity. When the family enterprise need to further develop and expand, these defects will become the imprisoned for enterprise development, obstacles to the sustainable development of the enterprise. Below we fundamental of family enterprises of internal defects were analyzed, and the first is the talent bottleneck. Enterprise development has a process of growing up. Family business start-up stage, enterprise scale is small, its core members are mostly based o n blood, kinship ties of members of the family, parents creator as the core has a natural authority, rely on parents authority of family management can guarantee the family business running, and even can be a board meeting at the dinner table. At the same time, at the beginning of the development of family enterprises, and can provide the amount of residual claims and residual control is relatively small, is the enterprise power supply due to less. Family enterprise internal parties for this kind of situations, that is, to share the achievements of interests deserve rights conflicts will not be too sharp, emphasis on parental authority, the principle of affection of family ethics can effectively coordinate the interests of the members of the family. This stage is relatively scarce currency capital rather than the human capital; the requirement of management is not high also. And with the development of the enterprise, on the one hand, the rapid expansion of enterprise scale lead to the large increase in the quantity demand of human capital, and members of the family group supply speed under the influence of the natural population growth rate, usually much lower than the speed of the enterprise demand for human capital; On the other hand, due to the expansion of enterprise scale, management of complications, leads to increased demand for senior human capital, and for the members of the family groups, advanced elements of human capital owners should be talented person growth probability, the influence of such factors as the members of the family within this small group, this kind of talent to produce probability is extremely low, so from the qualitative point of view, the family members of the group is difficult to guarantee the supply of human capital. Can be seen from the above analysis, the process of the development of family enterprises will inevitably encounter talent bottleneck. Organization Capitalise Benefit and Minimise the Drawbacks Family enter prises want to survive in a constantly changing market environment and development, will eventually evolved into the public company, it is not determined by the entrepreneurs or its successor individual will. Will tell from the subjective intention, they are less willing to become a public company, because they dont want to lose control of the enterprise. The objective environment of family businesses survive decides this development. In the increasingly open economy and the increasingly fierce market competition environment, the inadequacy of family enterprises gradually become the fetters of enterprise expansion, restricted the enterprises survival and development. The survival of the fittest, is unwell is eliminated, must want to survival and development to change itself, becomes the only way to comply with the environment. Public company is a model of modern enterprise system, family business transition to a public company can effectively improve its governance structure, family management of career management, strengthening the system construction and to strengthen the system of the utility, effectively overcome the family business talent and cultural bottlenecks inherent defects, to adapt to the change of economic environment, to avoid being eliminated by the market and be able to continue. Scenario B Employee Behaviour Policies The construction of the Chelmsford Hotel sustainable development path is essentially to provide family enterprises with a good development environment. In addition, family enterprise internal change is also very important. Perspective of new institutional economics, the family business institutional change is a process of praetor equilibrium, not all of the members of the family in the earnings of all for positive change. In this process, Chelmsford Hotel to share and non-core people outside the family enterprises property rights and residual claims and management control, part of the low quality of core staff will be re tired from important management positions, handed power to the professional management personnel. It is painful for members of the family, a part of the family members from their own interests, to be up in arms. For entrepreneurs and the core personnel, this process was a fierce self-denial and transcends us. Especially for entrepreneurs, give enterprise management ability than the strong to hold yourself, overcome family members far more difficult than overcoming human feelings. The process is full of risks and uncertain factors, the requirement as the main change of entrepreneurs must have a strong sense of change and the business-as-usual, possess strong entrepreneurial spirit. Entrepreneurs need to speed up the update their knowledge, form suitable for the modern enterprise management concept; make the enterprise operation is suitable to the market economy rules and norms. Implemented and Communicated to Employees Chelmsford Hotel establish perfect professional manager market and credit evaluation system to introduce professional managers is an important means of enterprise talent bottleneck breakthrough family, and is the inevitable requirement of perfecting corporate governance structure. Chelmsford Hotel must establish open and transparent perfect manager market and credit evaluation system, through the market for the managers to invisible sclerosis constraint. Chelmsford Hotel establish perfect manager market and credit evaluation system can make the managers in each phase behavior information comprehensive, transparent, managers of any behavior will affect their future market transaction, which greatly increase the cost of managers behavior, make it from the perspective of protecting their own human capital effectively of self-discipline. At the same time, improve the professional manager market and credit evaluation system, Chelmsford Hotel will reduce the family business entrepreneurs and professional managers to sign the search cost and en trepreneurs to identify the cost of managers, so that the family business institutional change of transaction cost greatly reduced. Scenario C From the reality, especially in western developed market economy countries worldwide family type business development showed the following tendency: first, the separation of ownership and operators. With the expansion of the enterprise, the enterprise competition, change of family and the family concept, and the rise of the manager class family type management is difficult to adapt to the development of industrial society after the relics. Those shares a larger family can only indirectly affect the enterprise decision-making, enterprises management into the hands of management experts, enterprises of the two rights separation fundamentally shaken the foundation of family type management. West of the old family companies such as IBM and Motorola are because of the initiative to adapt to this trend to continue development. Secondly, pa ternalism management will disappear in family businesses, but businesses household color is still maintain and carry forward. Western advocates of a color family, team spirit, in the east of Japan, the feudal family of loyalty and kindness, paternalism is replaced by fate community egalitarian doing business, as employees and their managers are equal members of the enterprise in the family. Finally, family businesses through issuing stocks and bonds to the society, to internal staff, transfer of shares to the social public welfare investment, the enterprise further socialization of ownership, socialization on the management aim of enterprise is more emphasis on corporate social responsibility. Scenario D Elements include in a Performance Management Plan In the face of fierce market competition, the hotel to give an accurate positioning, target consumer groups, changing ideas and increase marketing efforts. Marketing plan according to different season, pay attention to stabi lity and old customers, develop new customers and new integrated marketing team, set up is given priority to with professional marketing personnel, to mobilize all the staff in the marketing of big marketing network, the rich are up and down, everyone is a waiter, everyone is a marketer, with services in marketing, service marketing, and set up corresponding reward mechanism, maximum limit arouse the enthusiasm of each persons work, and dig potential inside, outside customers. Hotel will continue to economic benefits as the center, strengthen management, hotel will target with each department, the benefit of the hotel and your interests closely linked together, the greater the contribution, the more benefit, on the other hand, the gap to be finished by department index according to the prescribed proportion wage garnishment, work more, distribution according to work, organize regular staff holidays. Chelmsford Hotel for outstanding performance, good staff for a great contribution to the hotel, we will be in the hotel year-end summary meeting commended, honorary certificate and bonuses. Increase the intensity of training, assessment, inspection and improve the quality of service: all departments make training plan feasibility and more efforts to learn the rules and regulations, aiming at training regularly test, Chelmsford Hotel should follow the quality inspection system, ensure high quality service, set positions pacesetter in competitions. Further on the general staff on-the-job training, at the same time, various departments to hold a post practice, and to examine the monthly, consolidate the business skills, improve the quality of service. All-round increase the intensity of management, in accordance with the standards of star hotel, we will continue to improve various rules and regulations, work process, gradually establish a system of pipe mechanism as the main content of the rewards and punishment incentive management mechanism. Scenario E How Can Problems be Resolved? The Chelmsford Hotel should pay attention to start employee performance management, but on the understanding of performance management is just at the initial stage, most of the hotel has not formed a complete performance management system, some even have no regular performance appraisal regulations, just make a simple rewards and punishment regulations, examination and rewards and punishments according to the time of he refers to employees work attitude, service skills, service quality and behavior, but also made clear the punishment level and method for disciplinary action, the citation behavior only lists the citation behavior should be, but there is no corresponding improving measures. Perfect performance management system can effectively improve the effect of incentive. Chelmsford Hotel design of employee performance management system of the hotel should be based on hotel performance management, which requires not only the high performance of old employee benefit, and to continue to introduce new talent, and through the work of staff performance management effective, accurate evaluation of the performance of individual employees as an incentive basis, increase the accuracy and efficiency of incentive the staff performance appraisal system. Chelmsford Hotel establish the hierarchical classification, the appraisal content according to different people, different evaluation methods, to understand the inherent potential employees and shortcomings, and strive to achieve the personalized evaluation of staff, to maximize the effectiveness of performance appraisal, improve employee job performance continuously, so as to achieve common development with the hotel staff. Policies and Procedures Chelmsford Hotel the new strength of new employees is the hotel business activities. Chelmsford Hotel enhances their own quality, skilled jobs skills; let them as soon as possible with the rapid development of hotel synchronous improve. Ac cording to the principle in a planned way step by step to implement progressive on-the-job training for new employees. The Chelmsford Hotel employee handbook, safety knowledge and service skills should know should be as the basic training content, after qualifying on the dress is one of the conditions. In some stores post to execute the minions of different kinds of skills training, to strengthen the personnel flow, solve the problem of emergency cases of vacancies, as well as the worker with comprehensive service skills and strive for mastering many skills while specializing in intelligent worker conditions can provide the necessary element. Chelmsford Hotel Employees will do check the leadership of the work; will not do for the leadership of the work. This is the insufficiency of a hotel; this also suggests that some employees do not take the initiative and the rules and regulations, team consciousness and low execution necessary conditions. So, the hotel should be combined wit h training and examination way of working to improve and gradually solve some problems at present. References (1) Roulac, S.R. 2011, Corporate property strategy is integral to corporate business strategy,The Journal of Real Estate Research,vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 129-152. (2) Croson, R., Anand, J. Agarwal, R. 2007, Using experiments in corporate strategy research,European Management Review,vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 173-181. (3) Mishra, S. Suar, D. 2010, Do stakeholder management strategy and salience influence corporate social responsibility in Indian companies?,Social Responsibility Journal,vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 306-327. (4) Ito, K. Souissi, M. 2012, MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING AS A TOOL FOR CORPORATE STRATEGY: SYNERGY CREATION AND ANERGY INHIBITION,Journal of International Business Research,vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 63-72. (5) Azarmi, T. 2012, Corporate put strategy,Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge,vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 215-216. (6) Furrer, O., Rajendran Pandian, J. Howard, T. 2007, Corporate strategy and shareholder value during decline and turnaround,Management Decision,vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 372. (7) Research and Markets: China Automobile Industry by 2015 In March 2012, Car Sales Climbed a Modest 4.5% from a Year Earlier 2012, , Coventry. (8) By, K.L. 2011, China Plans Consolidation Of Sprawling Car Industry Move Could Pose Problems For Foreign Car Makers Allied With Local Firms, Eastern edition edn, New York, N.Y. (9) Alva, M. 2013, Chinas Growing Car Industry Gives Marketer BitAuto A Ride BITAUTO HOLDINGS Beijing, China, Los Angeles. (10) China industry: Demand for car parts grows2013, , The Economist Intelligence Unit, New York. 1 Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Benefits and Drawbacks of a Family Owned Business" essay for you Create order

Ciba-Geigy Free Essays

Ciba-Geigy founded in 1750s has come to many changes in their business strategy from case-by-case decisively to be one of proactive planning for the future with corporate portfolio planning which allowed Ciba to decentralise into diversified businesses. At their latest reorganization, Ciba had five categories: Development, Growth, Pillar, Niche and Core allocated from 14 divisions with 33 sub-business units. Each division in each category has separate responsibility to the whole portfolio, for example, the Pigment division in Core category had the role of cash provider. We will write a custom essay sample on Ciba-Geigy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore, it was difficult for this division to access to capital, major investment would violate their mandate, and payback period was set at two to three years. However, the Pigments division head recently proposed the plan for major investment in comprehensive modernization of a manufacturing plant in Newport which was the only global source for Sfr 130 million in sales of Quinacridone (HPP) pigments. Ciba needed to decide whether or not to invest in Newport and choose among three options: invest fully, invest partially in Newport or close it. Recommendation: Based on Lippuner’s two questions in corporate planning portfolio strategy on new business, there are two reasons for Ciba to treat the investment in Newport as exception to invest. Besides, they should choose option one which committed a full investment of around US $140 million. Firstly, this investment improved Newport plant from high maintenance costs and frequent failure in production to become the plant with the leading-edge standards for productivity, safety, and friendly to environment. This investment also opened opportunity for Ciba to produce DPP, which protected Ciba’s leading market position in HPP pigment when DPP pigment’s patent protection was set to expire in 2000 – 2002. Limited investment in option two did not bring Ciba’s Pigment division the leading-edge knowledge and maintained the capability for innovative edge; therefore, it was out of Ciba’s strategy for new business. Secondly, this investment reinforced synergistic efforts between Pigment and other division in current portfolio. Although it was huge investment in core category, the pigment division still maintained to have a positive cash flow and payback period was within 3 years. Besides, Ciba should learn from the lesson of the pharmaceutical business which uelled other categories and came under difficulty in the recession. The same problem would happen in Pigment segment if Ciba did not invest in Pigment. However, we did not know how much Pigment contributed in the cash flow of the portfolio, so we could not evaluate if the whole portfolio could handle the investment period when there was a short of cash from Pigment. If not, Ciba should choose option three: close Newport and move it to Alabama or Louisiana as a less risky plan. How to cite Ciba-Geigy, Essay examples

Aim of Health Informatics Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Identify Different approaches (paradigms) in Health Informatics Research and Evaluation.2.Note the Questions raised and the Methodology used within Each Paradigm 3.Discuss what Insights each Paradigm offers (and doesn't offer) to your Workplace Issues. Answers: Introduction Research in the field of health informatics aims to promote the basic understanding of the application of informatics and advance knowledge and application systems in the domain of healthcare (Nelson and Staggers 2017). The areas that are given attention for research purpose are design, development, implementation, and evaluation of information systems that can be suitably applied in healthcare fields. The Scientific method for research deals with the methods and approaches applied for drawing logical conclusion pertaining to the research question. Health Informatics draws upon different methods for the purpose of scientific research (Nelson and Staggers 2017). The present discussion paper aims to explore the different paradigms, interpretive, critical, positivist, used in health informatics research and evaluation based on the workplace issue identified previously. The paper highlights the questions raised and the methodology used within each of the paradigms. The insights every par adigm offers to the the workplace issues are also presented in the paper. 1.Different approaches in health informatics research and evaluation The commonly used paradigms for the purpose of research in the field of health informatics are a positivistic, interpretive and critical theory. Positivistic paradigm is a philosophical approach adhered to for determining the validity of knowledge as derived from experimental evidence. Aspects of knowledge derived from non-scientific means are often considered within this paradigm. The aim of the positivist paradigm is to have a better understanding of the social institutions through dependence on observable and known facts and information. While this paves the way for gaining better insights into how different aspects of the society function, not much credence is given to the examination of social mechanisms that are not able to be proved or observed through a collection of information (Kelmen 2007). Positivism is based on the ontology of being a realist, and such an approach enables one to generate approximate reality in a detailed generalisation (Bernard and Bernard 2012). Positiv ism can be applied to the issues arising while integrating systems into a workplace. Integrating systems into a workplace will frequently require changes to routines, workflow, work habits, roles and relationships within all members in the health care. The sociotechnical factors are often unknown in this context. With the help of positivism paradigm one can posit a reality different from the knowledge regarding the sociotechnical factors that facilitate changes in a workplace. This paradigm would provide an objective reality against which one is able to have a comparison of their claims and ascertain the truth (Baskerville and Wood-Harper 2016). Interpretive paradigm is rooted in the concept of to understand. Such a paradigm forms to be an alternative to the positivist paradigm that focuses on the understanding of subjective experience in contrast to a rigid adherence to observation and facts. Put in a simple manner, since there is a high chance of the existence of several valid viewpoints, it is not always possible that facts alone are enough to throw light on a certain aspect (Aliyu et al. 2014). Interpretive paradigm aims to identify the meanings behind actions in any context through considering the unique point of view of the subject. It is believed that the knowledge is relative to the one who is observing. Based on such an approach the perceived facts inherent to the positivist observational method can possibly take an entirely dissimilar meaning from the different perspectives of different individuals. The findings of the research in such a a case are the result of the interaction between the subject and the Inquirer (Tuohy et al. 2013). The interpretive paradigm would be suitable for understanding the concepts of usability of the new information systems. This paradigm would posit that the value of researchers are inherent in all phases of research process. The naturalistic methods of observation and interviewing would help to highlight the factors that would act as barriers and facilitators of using the new information systems (Baskerville and Wood-Harper 2016). Critical paradigm has the aim of taking a neutral approach to any study for uncovering truths that are still to be uncovered. A critical approach is a means of naturally suspecting and scrutinising findings and claims made in relation to the research topic and applies a specified critical thought for exposing any existing flaws in the claims and information that invalidate them. The belief is that reality is present out there and there is no scope for relativeness (Babbie 2015). Critical paradigm would be useful for throwing light on privacy and security aspects of the information systems. This would be significant to understand and challenge the issues arising in carrying out a proper provision for security and privacy for information system. Observations would be combined with interviews for approaching foster conversation and thereby reflect on the process (Baskerville and Wood-Harper 2016). Research in the field of healthcare informatics would require a deep understanding of the three mentioned paradigms from a practical perspective. It is also necessary to understand the differences existing between the three (Kelman 2007). Research through a positivism paradigm might conclude that their unique perspectives have a major bearing on the claims they make even in the presence of scientific observation. Interpretive paradigm would correct the conflict of interest through the subjective nature of the behaviour. Critical paradigm on the other hand would always have the tendency to question the arising conclusions for improving the knowledge and eliminating any incorrect claims (Kelman 2007). 2.Questions raised and the methodology used in each paradigm After discussing the major aspects of the three research paradigms, it would be desirable to throw light on the methodologies applied within each paradigm and the questions raised by each paradigm. The methodology applied in positivism is experimental and manipulative (Bernard and Bernard 2012). The approach is simple and initiates with a hypothesis regarding how theory can be applied to practice. The next step is to gather data and test the hypothesis against the collected data. This would include randomisedcontrolled trials. The research question being addressed is tested against the data collected from the experiment under suitably controlled environment. The methodology applied in interpretivism is hermeneutic or dialectic. Dialectic is a reflection of the dialogue imagined in the subjective approach while Hermeneutics considers the study of how interpretive inquiry is done (Bernard and Bernard 2012). Interpretive theory is tested against human experience in this paradigm. Dialec tic methodology can be described as a science that aims to have an interpretative understanding of social conduct. It strives to provide an explanation for the causes and effects of a certain phenomena. Critical paradigm considers transformative methodology. The aim is to critique the status quo and analyse the actions. The transformation occurs by making societal participants aware of the surroundings in which they live (Bernard and Bernard 2012). The three paradigms being discussed rises a number of questions that are to be discussed in here. With regards to positivism, one can state that this paradigm has the issue of separation of the researcher from what is being researched. One can raise a question that whether a researcher can observe without permitting the interference of interests and values. Whether the results of the studies are generalised or not is the question raised by interpretivism paradigm. Critical paradigm argues that research is not value free and this is the issue arising within this particular paradigm (Baskerville and Wood-Harper 2016). 3.Insights each paradigm does and does not offer to the workplace issues The issues identified at the workplace pertaining to health informatics are security and privacy, integration of systems into the workplace and usability. The issue of privacy and security is reflected by the critical paradigm. Critical theory is the approach taken for analysing the sensitive issue like security. Critical research has the ability to give insight into the conceptual understandings of managerial implications of security and privacy systems (Eriksson and Kovalainen 2015). The approach attempts to criticise why security and privacy are not being maintained in a certain context. Issues pertaining to the integration of systems in a workplace requires quantitative measurement and positivism paradigm helps in predicting relationships between the different variables in this case. It aims to directly observe the reasons for the changes in work habits, workflow and relationships and roles of the members of the setting (Eriksson and Kovalainen 2015). Usability is a major issue f or information systems since the arising challenges are to learn the application of the advanced systems and benefit of implementation of the system. Interpretivism paradigm aims to uphold a qualitative research that highlight the subject matter and acknowledge the perspectives of the research participants in relation to how they perceive the usability of the implemented information systems. Researchers can interpret the possible variables regarding the benefits and disadvantages of the health information systems in a suitable manner (Eriksson and Kovalainen 2015). Conclusion From the discussion, it can be concluded that the three different research paradigms, interpretive, critical, positivist, have their share of advantages and drawbacks when applied to research in different contexts. Health informatics is an area that has drawn the attention of researchers in order to explore and identify some of the potential areas that need further development. Suitable application of the research paradigms promises to achieve this mission successfully. References Aliyu, A.A., Bello, M.U., Kasim, R. and Martin, D., 2014. Positivist and Non-Positivist Paradigm in Social Science Research: Conflicting Paradigms or Perfect Partners?.Journal of Management and Sustainability,4(3), p.79. Babbie, E.R., 2015.The practice of social research. Nelson Education. Baskerville, R.L. and Wood-Harper, A.T., 2016. A critical perspective on action research as a method for information systems research. InEnacting Research Methods in Information Systems: Volume 2(pp. 169-190). Springer International Publishing. Bernard, H.R. and Bernard, H.R., 2012.Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Sage. Eriksson, P. and Kovalainen, A., 2015.Qualitative Methods in Business Research: A Practical Guide to Social Research. Sage. Kelman, C., 2007. Health Informatics: A Socio-Technical Perspective.Health Sociology Review,16(3-4), pp.358-360. Nelson, R. and Staggers, N., 2017.Health informatics: An interprofessional approach. Elsevier Health Sciences. Tuohy, D., Cooney, A., Dowling, M., Murphy, K. and Sixsmith, J., 2013. An overview of interpretive phenomenology as a research methodology.Nurse Researcher,20(6), pp.17-20.

Archidamus and Pericles during the Greek Wars essays

Archidamus and Pericles during the Greek Wars essays Pericles of Athens and Archidamus of Sparta devised net assessments that both believed would provide strategies that would bring victory and peace for their respective states. This essay will show that Archidamus did a better job of net assessment prior to the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War. A clear definition and understanding of net assessment is necessary. Prof Thomas Mahnken of the Naval War College, provided the following definition: "Net assessment is a process that helps you understand the nature of the war upon which you are embarking, identify your comparative advantage, and devise a strategy to capitalize upon your strength and exploit your enemy's weakness" (Mahnken, Student Handout, p. 1). This definition can be broken down into three elements, 1) understanding the nature of the war, 2) identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the enemy to identify a comparative advantage, and 3) devise a strategy to achieve victory. I will touch on these elements, other key p rinciples, and the history of the war itself as the foundation to support my argument. Before examining the main issue, it is important to note the goals in which the two leaders in question are attempting to achieve with their respective speeches and the impact these goals may have had on their assessments. Archidamus goal was to convince the Spartans that the time was not right for war, and if the Spartans were to go to war unprepared, they would certainly meet with disaster. The assessment in his speech focused primarily on the opponent's strengths and excludes any potential weaknesses of the enemy. Archidamus was fighting an up hill battle in an attempt to buy time, which would favor, in his assessment, a better long-term strategy for victory. Pericles, in quite the contrast, was advocating that the Athenians go to war, for it was impossible for them to be defeated. Therefore, Pericles highlighted all the strengths of the Athenian empire that...

Navajo Soldiers World War II Code Talkers

Navajo Soldiers World War II Code Talkers World War II had no shortage of heroes, but the conflict likely would’ve ended on a completely different note for the United States without the efforts of the Navajo soldiers known as Code Talkers. At the onset of the war, the U.S. found itself vulnerable to Japanese intelligence specialists who used their English-speaking soldiers to intercept the messages issued by the U.S. military. Each time the military devised a code, Japanese intelligence experts deciphered it. As a result, they not only learned which actions U.S. forces would take before they carried them out but gave the troops bogus missions to confuse them. To prevent the Japanese from intercepting subsequent messages, the U.S. military developed highly intricate codes that could take more than two hours to decrypt or encrypt. This was far from an efficient way to communicate. But ​World War I veteran Philip Johnston would change that by suggesting that the U.S. military develop a code based on the Navajo language. A Complex Language World War II did not mark the first time the U.S. military developed a code based on an indigenous language. In World War I, Choctaw speakers served as code talkers. But Philip Johnston, a missionary’s son who grew up on the Navajo reservation, knew that a code based on the Navajo language would be especially difficult to break. For one, the Navajo language was largely unwritten at the time and many words in the language have different meanings depending on context. Once Johnston demonstrated to the Marine Corps how effective a Navajo-based code would be in thwarting intelligence breaches, the Marines set out to sign up Navajos as radio operators. The Navajo Code in Use In 1942, 29 Navajo soldiers ranging in age from 15 to 35 years old collaborated to create the first U.S. military code based on their indigenous language. It started off with a vocabulary of about 200 but tripled in quantity by the time World War II ended. The Navajo Code Talkers could pass messages in as few as 20 seconds. According to the official Navajo Code Talkers website, indigenous words that sounded like military terms in English made up the code. â€Å"The Navajo word for turtle meant ‘tank,’ and a dive-bomber was a ‘chicken hawk.’ To supplement those terms, words could be spelled out using Navajo terms assigned to individual letters of the alphabet- the selection of the Navajo term being based on the first letter of the Navajo word’s English meaning. For instance, ‘Wo-La-Chee’ means ‘ant,’ and would represent the letter ‘A.’† U.S. Triumphs With Code The code was so complex that not even native Navajo speakers comprehended it. â€Å"When a Navajo listens to us, he wonders what in the world we’re talking about,† Keith Little, the late code talker, explained to news station My Fox Phoenix in 2011. The code also proved unique because the Navajo soldiers weren’t allowed to write it down once on frontlines of the war. The soldiers functioned essentially as â€Å"living codes.† During the first two days of the Battle of Iwo Jima, the code talkers transmitted 800 messages with no mistakes. Their efforts played a key role in the U.S. emerging from the Battle of Iwo Jima as well as the battles of Guadalcanal, Tarawa, Saipan, and Okinawa victoriously. â€Å"We saved a lot of lives†¦, I know that we did,† Little said. Honoring the Code Talkers The Navajo Code Talkers may have been World War II heroes, but the public didn’t realize it because the code created by the Navajos remained a top military secret for decades following the war. Finally in 1968, the military declassified the code, but many believed that the Navajos didn’t receive the honors befitting of war heroes. In April 2000, Sen. Jeff Bingaman of New Mexico sought to change that when he introduced a bill authorizing the U.S. president to award gold and silver congressional medals to the Navajo Code Talkers. In December 2000, the bill went into effect. â€Å"It has taken too long to properly recognize these soldiers, whose achievements have been obscured by twin veils of secrecy and time,† Bingaman said. â€Å"†¦I introduced this legislation – to salute these brave and innovative Native Americans, to acknowledge the great contribution they made to the Nation at a time of war, and to finally give them their rightful place in history.† Code Talkers Legacy The Navajo Code Talkers’ contributions to the U.S. military during World War II entered popular culture when the film â€Å"Windtalkers,† starring Nicolas Cage and Adam Beach, debuted in 2002. Although the movie received mixed reviews, it exposed a large swath of the public to World War II’s Native American heroes. The Navajo Code Talkers Foundation, an Arizona nonprofit, also functions to raise awareness about these skillful soldiers and celebrate Native American culture, history and heritage.

Why enroll in the Doctor of Business Administration Program (DBA) Essay

Why enroll in the Doctor of Business Administration Program (DBA) - Essay Example This determination has made strong in life and helped me in taking decisions which I have not regretted. Choosing the path of success in my professional life has become an aim for me because of this very strong determination and I think if I utilize it in the correct manner I’ll be able to achieve what I aim to. But as said by Christopher Moore "Nobodys perfect. Well, there was this one guy, but we killed him....". It clearly depicts that I personally have my own weaknesses in achieving my goals. All over these years I have realized that learning something is not easy for me. It takes time for me to learn things which others learn in a while. But this weakness can easily be overcome if I give all of my attention to my goals. This attention helps me to not only learn and understand things but also to excel in these things. International business is one of the main driving forces behind the molding face of today’s world. For me, a graduate business degree is the first step towards an entrepreneurial position in a fascinating organization with global working circle. Interacting with multiple cultures for mutual benefits, while accepting the challenges associated with this process has always been a source of fascination for me. Graduate business degree will increase my career options manifolds with the passage of time and will also prepare me with knowledge and skills required to attain a job which fits my goals, thus providing maximum satisfaction. After completing graduation, I will have the chance of focusing on a particular field of work, because I’ll be ‘specialized’ to do this work. Keeping in view my aims and the level of competence that I intend to achieve, I believe that Abu Dhabi University is one of the institutions which can provide me with ample opportunities for the fulfillment of my aims. The world has turned into a global village and it is for this reason that I

The International Business Entry Strategy, Aussie Fresh in Vietnam Essay

The International Business Entry Strategy, Aussie Fresh in Vietnam - Essay Example In addition, Vietnam is in a transformation process as the country is moving fast towards implementation of capitalist principles against its traditional planned economy. In fact, the country now also exports its Vegetables and Fruits products to over 50 nations worldwide because of its free market mechanism. Nevertheless, the domestic fruits/vegetables demand is not completely met from domestic agricultural produce; hence, these products are also imported in Vietnam (Vietnomics Update, 2009) & (CIA Fact Book – V, 2009). It is, therefore, recommended to Aussie Trade to commence operations in Vietnamese market through proper branding and packaging of agri-products. The company should adopt Joint Venture strategy because the currency risk is relatively high, mainly attributable to current account deficit of Vietnam. The imports, therefore, become expensive that may negatively impact the growth of Aussie Trade if forms its own subsidiary in Vietnam. It is feasible to minimize such risks by partnering with locals (who have knowledge in this sector) and establishing distribution networks for sales of Fruits and Vegetables (CIA Fact Book – V, 2009). The world today is viewed as a global village because recent technological developments have helped reducing communication barriers and borders among nations worldwide. The creation of information/communication networks and transportation routes has significantly contributed to increase trade volume and business activities. Not only developed countries like USA, France, UK< Germany, Japan, etc are beneficiaries of these advancements but also the developing nations have joined international arena as they have to focus on international integration, economic prosperity and sustainable development. Australia is viewed as a small, yet rich economy because of high purchasing power. It's per capita income was estimated to be $39,000 in 2009 and  the country was ranked 21st in the list of high-income nations.  

Vinegar as a Rust Remover | Experiment

Vinegar as a Rust Remover | Experiment Abstract Despite the vast research regarding rusting, still many people do not recognize the harmful effect it can to environment and to take precaution measure to avoid or prevent rusting. Results of study show U.S. had to spend total $276 billion, approximately 3.1% of the nations Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for corrosion direct cost. Therefore, these study is to find optional of artificial way to remove rusting from any other metal. For my research, I choose vinegar as a substance that has the potential to remove the rust stain from metal due to presence of acid in its content. Vinegar is easy to be obtained and usually use as households. I choose three different types of vinegar brands and analyzed its percentage by mass of acetic acid using acid-base titration technique. Then, I test the strength of each vinegar on rate of removing rust on rusted iron nail by removing the rust form. After that, I compare which vinegar has the highest rate of removing rust compared to its percentage by mass of acetic acid. As the result, I found out that different type of vinegar has different percentage by mass of acetic acid. But my experiment shows that, the higher percentage of acetic mass in the vinegar content, does not always lead to high rate of rust stain removal. These maybe due to my limitation of the research because I assumed that only acetic acid in vinegar reacts with the iron(III) oxide. Still, my research able to prove that vinegar can act as a potential rust stain remover but in low degree because acetic acid is weak acid. My research could help and provide people an easy way to remove rust from their accessories as vinegar could be easily obtained. 1. Introduction Vinegar can be define as a sour liquid obtained by result through acetic fermentation of dilute alcoholic liquids and used as a condiment or preservative. Aside from utilized widely, vinegar also can accommodate more than one purpose which usually used to enhance food taste. Vinegar is made through two stage of biological processes. These distinct process resulted from the action of innocuous microorganisms. In these process, yeast and Acetobacter is used to convert sugars (carbohydrates) into acetic acid. The first stage of process is called alcoholic fermentation. It occurs when yeasts convert natural sugars to alcohol under controlled conditions. In the second stage of process, Acetobacter which is a group of bacteria, changes the alcohol resulted from alcoholic fermentation to acid. This is the acid fermentation that forms vinegar. Since vinegar can be made from anything with sugar, there are probably too many variants to count made in countries throughout the world.[1](Kellen, 2 005, Vinegar Institute Site) Rust is define as the red or orange coating that forms on the surface of iron when exposed to air and moisture surroundings, consisting mass of ferric hydroxide. These ferric oxide is formed through oxidation. Rust forms due to the reaction of oxygen dissolved in dihydrogen monoxide(water) with iron. Rust also can be known or called as corrosion of metal.[2] (Holleman, Wiberg, 2001 Inorganic Chemistry Academic Press: San Diego) Rust is a general term to describe several different oxides that formed when an iron undergo corrosion. Some of the oxides are Fe(OH)2, Fe(OH)3, FeO(OH), and Fe2O3.H2O. The prevalent rust that can be found is a reddish-brown, Fe2O3.H2O. The oxygen in the air dissolve in water and promote the rust to start to compose. The rust also can be determine as an electrochemical process. The process of exchange of electrons (electricity) is conducted by chemical reactions in part of the electrical circuit. The surface of metal that exposed to electrolyte will undergo series of chemical reactions. Oxidation reactions (corrosion) occur at the surface of the anode while reduction reactions occur at the surface of the cathode.[3] (Jones, Denny (1996)  Principles and Prevention of Corrosion.) By observation, we could descried that rust occurs very easily because the presence of air and water or wet condition virtually presence anywhere. We could see around ourselves rusting is occur greatly. Rust changes steel into a different material, one that is impuissant or weaker than the original steel. Rusting is a immensely colossal problembecause so many things people use every day are made out of steel, like cars, bicycles, trucks, bridges, roofs, holding tanks, machinery, nuts, and bolts. When these objects are unprotected and exposed to water, they rust, and this damage can costs a lot of money. Rust also dangerous to human because a rusting iron nail can cause health issue such as tetanus if the iron nail pierce to human skin. Yet steel perpetuates to be widely used because it has an excellent strength-to-weight ratio. Also known as the best of all the common building materials. In addition, it is non-flammable, resistant to mold and termites, does not expand or contract und er temperature changes, and can be made with a consistent quality.[4] (Miller, L. (2003, July 31).  Corrosion). Therefore, we must take alert and precaution about rusting of these iron metal. The topic that be investigated in this extended essay is about rusting or corrosion and the way to prevent rust. Thus, my research question is to analyse the percentage by mass of acetic acid in different type of vinegar brands by using titration method and to investigate the potential of vinegar as rust stain remover. Therefore, my extended essay required two experimental procedures. My hypothesis for first experiment is that different types of vinegars have different percentage by mass of acetic acid. If the result of experiment one parallel with my hypothesis, second experiment could be carried out which is to investigate the potential of vinegar as rust stain remover. My hypothesis for second experiment is that the higher the percentage by mass of acetic acid in vinegar, the more efficient the vinegar to act as rust stain remover. The significant of my research is to investigate a cheapest and easiest way to remove rust. In this research, I choose vinegar as the potential method to remove stain rust because vinegar contain acetic acid . Vinegar could be easily found and present almost in every living house. Because acid is corrosive, it occur to me that the acid could corrode the rust stain from metal. To test the validity of my statement, a research and experimental procedure is carried out to justify the validity of my research question. The chosen area of study is rusting since my experiment focus more on rusting. These experiments included several methods such as acid base titration. Vinegar is acidic. Therefore, it will be titrated with base solutions, sodium hydroxide. The titration method is carried out to find the volume of base needed to neutralize the acid solution of vinegar. These method is essential for the experiment to find the percentage by mass of acetic acid in vinegar. Second method is rusting of iron nail. I could not choose any random iron nail to conduct my experiment because the result will not be accurate and precise as they could have different degree of rusting. Therefore, I buy iron nails that not rusted yet and undergo experimental procedure for the iron nails to rust under constant condition. These method needed to carry out so that the iron nails undergo rusting in constant activity. Then, the iron nails could be tested with the vinegar. In my experiment, I used some instrument from the chemistry laboratory. The instruments I used is pH meter. The pH meter is used to find the pH of different type of vinegar. I also use burette which is necessary for the titration method. The burette is used to find the volume of base needed to neutralise the acidic solution. I also used electronic balance to weigh the iron nails initial mass before in undergo rusting and the final mass after the iron nails undergo rusting. Stopwatch is used to record the time taken for the acid to remove the rust stain. *Due to some error, all the pictures for the experiment have loss. 2. Methodology: 2.1 Variables and method of controlling variables Variable type:  Independent Variable:  Different type of vinegar brands Method of controlling:  By using vinegar of different brands for the experiment. Variable type:  Dependent Variable:  Volume of sodium hydroxide needed to neutralize acid solution Method of controlling:  By measured the volume of sodium hydroxide needed to neutralize acid solution using burette. Variable type:  Controlled Variable:  Volume of vinegar used Method of controlling:  Fixed the amount of vinegar is used for the experiment which is 2.0 ml. Variable:  temperature Method of controlling:  The experiment is conducted in same room Variable:  Volume of distilled water added Method of controlling:  Fixed the amount of volume distilled water added in the vinegar. Add phenolphthalein Method of controlling:  By adding 3 drops phenolphthalein to every vinegar solution in conical flask during experiment. Variable:  Concentration of sodium hydroxide Method of controlling:  By fixed the concentration of sodium hydroxide used which is 1.0 M. Table 1 : Variables for experiment to determine the percentage by mass of acetic acid in vinegars Variable type Variable Method of controlling Independent Type of vinegar used By using vinegar of different brands for the experiment. Dependent Time taken to remove the rust stain By recorded the time taken for different type of vinegars to remove the rust stain on the iron nail using stop watch. Controlled Type of metal By using the same metal throughout the experiment which is iron nail. Temperature The experiment is conducted in same room Using same electronic balance By using the same electronic balance to weigh the mass of iron nail. Time for iron to rust Fixed the time for the iron to rust which is 7 days or i week Using same stopwatch By fixed the type of stopwatch used to record the time taken. Table 2 : Variables for experiment to determine the time taken for the vinegars to remove rust 2.2 Methodology for neutralisation process To find the percentage by of acetic acid in different types of vinegar brands, a neutralisation process follow the standard procedure is carries out. First , the apparatus is set up . The burette is clamped on the retort stand. Then, 2.0 ml of vinegar is measured using measuring cylinder. An empty conical flask is weighed. Then 2.0 ml vinegar which is Earth Brand is poured in the conical flask. The conical flask is weighed again. This procedure has to be carried out to find the mass of 2.0 ml of vinegar assumed that different vinegars has different density. After that, 48.0 ml of distilled water is measured using measuring cylinder. Then, the distilled water is mixed with the vinegar in the conical flask. This procedure has to be carried out because vinegar is very concentrated so dilution process has to be done. The pH mater is used to find the pH value of vinegars. After mixed, the initial weight of vinegar with conical flask is measured using weighing balance. Then , sodium hydroxide is filled in the burette. The conical flask is placed under the burette. 3 drops of phenolphthalein is added into the diluted vinegar. The neutralisation process is started as soon the alkali is added into the conical flask. The sodium hydroxide is assumed to only react with the acetic acid presence in the vinegar. The conical flask is swirled gently. The initial colour for the acidic solution is colourless. As the acid solution undergo titration, the colour change from colourless to pale pink colour. The end of titration is indicated when the mixture remains in pale pink colour. The titration process is stopped. The volume of sodium hydroxide needed to neutralise 2.0 ml of vinegar is recorded and final weight of vinegar with conical flask is weighed. The experiment above is repeated twice to get the average reading of volume of sodium hydroxide needed to neutralise the acid solution. All the data is recorded in the table. The experiment procedure above is then repeated using different type of vinegar which is Yeos and Jalen. Burette,  ±0.05 cm3 Different vinegar brands (Jalen, Yeos, Earth Brand) Beaker,  ±0.5 Conical flask , ±0.5 Retort stand and clamp Pipette and ph meter Phenolphathalein Weighing balance ,  ±0.0001 Sodium hydroxide (1.0 molar) Rod and distilled water 2.3 Methodology for rusting process and rust stain removal This experimental procedure is carried out because it is hard to determine the degree of rusting of any random metal. Therefore, I fixed the type of metal use which is iron nails and the time left for iron to rust which is approximately 7 day (1 week) . The materials is ready and apparatus needed is set up. The initial mass of each iron nail is weighed and the data is recorded. The 5 iron nails is marked such as iron nail A, iron nail B and consecutively by using a small piece of paper attached to each nail. Then , a mineral bottle is cut to get the bottom part of mineral bottle and form a cup like. Then, the cup is filled with small amount of tap water. All iron nails is dipped in the water and left to be exposed to air in the laboratory for seven days. After seven days , all iron nails are take out from the bottle. Then, each iron nail which already rusted now is weighed again to get mass of rust with the iron nail. The mass of rust formed on each iron nail is found by subtracted the final weight of iron nail with its initial weigh. Then, the average mass of rust formed is calculated. All the data of the experiment is recorded in a table. The experiment above is repeated twice. The process to remove rust stain is carried out. Vinegar is inserted into a transparent cup. The rusted iron nail is immersed into the cup contained vinegar. The reaction is observed. The time taken for the iron rust to be remove completely by the vinegar from the iron nail is recorded by using stopwatch. The same procedure done to all 5 iron nails . The average time taken needed to remove the rust is calculated. The data and result is tabulated. The experiment above is repeated using different type of vinegars. Apparatus and materials Burette,  ±0.05 cm3 Beaker,  ±0.5 Bottle cup Different vinegar brands (Jalen, Yeos, Earth Brand) Conical flask , ±0.5 Measuring cylinder,  ±0.05 Weighing balance ,  ±0.0001 5 Iron nails Distilled water 3. Data collection and processing 3.1 Data collection and processing for experiment   Quantitative data Type of vinegar brand Weight of empty conical flask (g)  ±0.0001 Weight of 2.0 ml of vinegar with conical flask (g)  ±0.0001 Mass of vinegar  ±0.0002 (g) Earth Brand Qualitative data The initial colour of vinegar and sodium hydroxide is colourless. The colour of vinegar solution remains colourless even after phenolphthalein is added. When the mixture undergo titration process, the mixture remains colourless but when the end point of titration reach, the colour of mixture turns from colourless to pale pink. Equation for the neutralization process = CH3COOH (aq) + NaOH (aq) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ CH3COONa (aq) + H2O (l) Calculation of percentage by mass of acetic acid in vinegars. 1. Earth Brand Calculate number of moles for NaOH = MV 1000 (32.54 ml of NaOH solution added x 1.0 molar of NaOH) 1000 = 0.03254 moles of NaOH uncertainties =( 0.05/ 32.54) x 100% = 0.15 % CH3COOH (aq) + NaOH (aq) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ CH3COONa (aq) + H2O (l) From the equation , the acetic acid in vinegar reacts with sodium hydroxide in a 1:1 ratio. 1 mole of acetic acid reacts with 1 mole of sodium hydroxide to for 1 mole of sodium acetate and 1 mole of water. Thus, 0.03254 mole of acetic acid reacts with 0.03254 mole of sodium hydroxide to form 0.03254 mole of sodium acetate and 0.03254 mole of water. Calculate the amount of acetic acid in Earth Brand. Therefore, Molecular mass calculation: 12.0107 + 1.00794*3 + 12.0107 + 15.9994 + 15.9994 + 1.00794 = 60.05196 g/mol To find the mass of acetic acid in vinegar is given by the formula number of mole x molar mass of acetic acid Thus, 0.03254 moles x 60.05196 g/mol = 1.954 g of acetic acid  ± 0.15 % To calculate the percentage by mass of acetic acid in vinegar (Earth Brand): Mass of vinegar use= 2.2837 g uncertainties = (0.0001/2.2837) x 100% = 0.0044 % mass of acetic acid in vinegar = 1.9540 g The percentage by mass of acetic acid =(1.9540/2.2837 ) x 100 = 85.56 % uncertainties = 0.0044 + 0.15 = 0.1544 % Therefore, the percentage by mass of acetic acid in Earth Brand is = 85.56 %  ± 0.15 % The method of calculation of percentage by mass of acetic acid for other vinegars is same with the calculation above. Therefore, the result for the calculation is tabulated. Discussion The 2.0 volume for vinegar used needed to be weighed to find the mass of vinegar as I assumed the density for vinegar is different from density of water. From the result, it shows that different vinegars has different density, therefore different vinegars will have different mass of 2.00 volume used. I also assumed that during neutralisation process, the sodium hydroxide will only reacts with the acetic acid presence in the vinegar. Based on the result , it shows that different type of vinegar brands has different percentage by mass of acetic acid of vinegar of different brands. Jalen has the highest percentage by mass of acetic acid followed by Earth Brand and Yeos. These explained that why different vinegars have different ph value. Acetic acid is weak acid. The higher the percentage by mass of acetic acid, the lower the pH value of the vinegar. Hypothesis for experiment one is accepted. Different type of vinegar has different percentage of acetic acid of vinegar. Thus, experiment two can be conducted. 3.2 Data collection and processing for experiment 2 Quantitative data The iron nail pale brown in colour while the tap water and the vinegar is colourless. When the iron nail is left in the bottle cup, there is no immediate reaction occured. After several hours, a reddish brown substance start to appear around the iron nail. After several days more reddish brown substance deposited around the iron nail like coated it. When the iron is immersed in vinegar inside a cup bottle, bubble formed and the reddish brown substance fall off from the iron nail. The colour of vinegar turned slightly from colourless to pale reddish and the reddish substances settle at the bottom of the cup bottle. Later, it dissolve in the vinegar. 4. Processed result Discussion To put in a simple words, rusting is the corrosion of iron and readily occurs in the metal in the presence of water , oxygen and iron. The formation of a reddish brown substance like which appeared and adheres to the iron nail is called rust. Based on the research, it shows that vinegar could serve as one of the substance that can remove rust stain on metal due to the presence of acid. From the experiment , It clearly shows that different vinegar has different degree of removing the rust stain because due to different percentage by mass of acetic acid in the different type of vinegars. After rusting process occurs on the iron nail, the iron nail weighed more. These is because rust  forms when iron metal is oxidized by oxygen in the presence of water . Iron oxide is another term for rust. Iron oxide as a molecule and consist of three elements which is of iron with oxygen and water. From the result obtained based on the experiment, it shows that the rust form is originally mass from the iron but the mass of oxygen and water comes from the atmosphere. When the rust form on the iron nail, the mass of iron rust increased by the mass of oxygen and water that combined with the iron. Therefore, iron nail weight more after rusting process occurs due to addition of these elements from atmosphere. In the presence of oxygen and water, Reduction half equation: 4e- + 2H2O(l) + O2(g) > 4OH-(aq) The tip or the head component of iron nail is easily oxidised. The crystal lattice of iron is distorted and the iron atoms will be facilely oxidised. Oxidation half equation: 2Fe(s) > 2Fe2+(aq) + 4e- Therefore the overall net equation for the chemical reaction is 2Fe(s) + 2H2O(l) + O2(g) > 2Fe2+(aq) + 4OH-(aq) The process continue. After that, the Fe2+ and OH- ions will move and diffuse through the water. When both ions meet they will react to produce precipitate which iron (II) hydroxide , Fe(OH)2 .These iron (II) hydroxide then will be further oxidise to iron (II) hydroxide, Fe(OH)3 and will be dehydrated to produce rust. Chemical equation for rusting process : 2Fe(s) + 2H2O(l) + O2(g) > 2Fe2+(aq) + 4OH-(aq) Fe2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) > Fe(OH)2(s) Fe(OH)2(s) + O2 > Fe(OH)3(s) Fe(OH)3(s) dehydrates > Fe2O3.nH2O(s) or rust Therefore, the chemical formula for rust is Fe2O3.nH2O(s) [5] (Loh Wai Leng,Tan Yin Toon,Tan On Tin, 2011, oxidation and reduction) Acetic acid is a weak acid that presence in vinegar. Vinegar works well than other strong acid because the presence of weak acid. Therefore, it will less attack the iron nail itself. Strong acid will corrode both the rust stain and the iron nail. To prevent that, substance with weak acid is preferable. When the iron nail with rust is soaked into the vinegar containing acid, the rust on iron nail will dissolve and loosen. The crumbly hydrated iron oxide will form a soluble salt, in these reaction between acetic acid and iron(III) oxide, it will formed iron acetate. Equation of reaction between acetic acid and rust: 6CH3COOH(l) + Fe2O3 (s) > 2Fe(CH3COO)3 (s) + 3H2O (l) and ferric acetate, Fe(CH3COO)3 is water soluble. However, the hypothesis for my second experiment is rejected. Clearly from the experiment above, it shows there is no directly proportional relationship between percentage of mass of acetic acid in vinegar and rate of removing rust. Jalen has the highest percentage of mass of acetic acid followed by Earth Brand and Yeos but Earth Brand shows the highest rate of removing rust followed by Jalen and Yeos. There, my experiment has limitation which lead to these result. After the experiment, I accidentally left the iron nail that already washed with vinegar in the cup bottle. I found out that the rusting on iron nail occur more faster by the day. I concluded myself that acid actually can remove the rust stain from the nail but in the same time it also promote rusting. The surface of iron nail will clean after the rust stain is remove and let the iron nail exposed to acid. Somehow, acid will react on the surface of iron nail. Further research could be done to investigate the after effect of acid after removing the rust stain. 5. Conclusion This research show that each vinegar has it own percentage by mass of acetic acid in each and every different type of vinegar. From the experiment and calculation, it shows that the percentage by mass of acetic acid in vinegar brands of Earth Brand, yeos and Jalen accordingly is 85.56%, 83.68% and 92.20%. The difference of percentage by mass of acetic acid in vinegar resulted the difference in the vinegar taste and the pH value. The experiment shows that there is not much significant difference of percentage by mass of acetic acid in different type of vinegar brands. The vinegars used in the experiment is the product of Malaysia . Different result may show if I test of the products of other country. These difference of percentage of acetic acid in different type of vinegar, effect the result obtained in experiment two. The hypothesis for experiment one is accepted. These research also shows that vinegar could serve as a potentially rust stain remover but in low degree because acetic acid presence in vinegar is a weak acid. Still, it could be use safely because the acidic concentration is not harmful and vinegar is easy to obtain rather than any other applications. However , from the result obtain, it shows that the higher the percentage of acetic acid in vinegar, does not always cause higher rate of rust stain removal. Jalen has the highest percentage by mass of acetic acid in vinegar followed by Earth Brand and Yeos which is 92.20%, 85.56% and 83.68% respectively. But the experiment shows that the vinegar that has the highest degree of rust stain removal is Earth Brand followed by Jalen and Yeos which is 0.0049gs-1, 0.0044gs-1 and 0.0043gs-1 second respectively. Therefore I could conclude that , Earth Brand is a better rust stain remover Yeos and Jalen , but Jalen is better than yeos. Even though there is no not much significant difference, but it effected the overall result. Therefore, the hypothesis for the second experiment is not accepted. There is several reason why these result obtained. Maybe there is another substance that presence in the vinegar, react with the rust stain on iron nail which can affect the result because I assumed that the rust stain will only react with the acetic acid presence in vinegar. Further research could be conducted to explain and determine the problem. The other reason may cause due to limitation that will be discuss later. However ,these research able to prove that there is difference of percentage by mass of acetic acid in different type of vinegar and vinegar can act as a potentially rust stain remover . But due to weak acid presence in vinegar, vinegar could only remove rust stain that only form only on surface of metal . It cannot remove the rust that has been deeper into metal . Overall, I can conclude from the experiment that different vinegar has different percentage by mass of acetic acid and vinegar is a highly potential rust stain remover. 6. Evaluation Throughout the experiment there are several limitations that can affect the result of the experiment. During the titration process, The colour of acidic solution which is vinegar, will change from colourless to pale pink at the end of titration process. The perception of colour change will affect the result. It is hard to determine what the exact pale pink colour that need to be achieve. In order to overcome this problem, a controlled conical flask containing acid solution when end point of titration which colour is pale pink should be put beside the set up apparatus so that the person would know what exactly pale pink colour they need to reach. pH meter also can be used to fixed the pH value needed. Another problem that could effect the result is when weighing the weight of iron nail after the rust is formed. Rust that is formed for several days only appear on the surface of the iron nail. Therefore, when removing the iron nail to be weighed, the rust from the surface of iron nail could drop. Even a slight drop of rust from the iron nail, could cause the result obtained will not be accurate . Therefore, to overcome these problem, during the formation of rust, the iron nails should be left on the electronic balance. So, the iron nail does not have to be removed and rust will not fall off. The result obtained will be more precise. Another problem that could arise is when removing the rust from iron nail using vinegar. In these experiment, I assumed that, only acetic acid in vinegar will react with the rust on the iron nail. So that my hypothesis could be achieved. But it turn out my hypothesis is invalid. It could be that other substances presence in the vinegar, will react with the rust on the iron nail. After all, vinegar consist more than one substance. these problem can be overcome by doing some further research. Lastly, the after effect of the experiment. Acid can remove rust stain but the chemical reaction between acid and the surface of iron nail, can increase the rate of rusting of iron nail. Corrosion in acid solutions is much more rapid than in neutral solutions, and the latter is more rapid than in alkaline solutions.[6](Frank N. Neller,2004, Corrosion Facts). Therefore to solve the problem, after washed the iron nail to remove the rust, the iron nail need to place in boil water for a while. Therefore, no after chemical reaction will occur. Thus, rusting will not occur.

Succubus Shadows Chapter 19

â€Å"Real,† I gasped out. â€Å"That was†¦real. Seth didn't give in to temptation. Seth stayed with Maddie.† â€Å"Maybe,† said One. The instinct to claw his eyes out rose within me, strong and sudden. It was animal and rash – and impossible since I had no form here. It was an urge I'd had on more than one occasion with the Oneroi. â€Å"True. It was true.† This was like a child's game with them, over and over. Or maybe the true/false section on the SAT. Circles. Circles. My life was a circle. â€Å"And Jerome†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The end of the dream came to me where my boss had spirited Seth away. â€Å"He's coming for me. He took Seth. They're going to do that ritual. Erik's going to set it up.† â€Å"Yes. And he's going to fail.† â€Å"No, he won't,† I cried. Every ounce of me had become desperation: voice, mind, soul. â€Å"Jerome will come for me. He'll save me.† â€Å"No one is coming for you,† said Two. â€Å"They will try, but they will fail.† Again, they sent me back to my world, and as much as I yearned for familiar faces, the doubt and uncertainty the Oneroi kept bringing up filled me with a despairing kind of confusion. I was at Erik's. And apparently, so was everyone else. His store had a large back room used for storage that I'd only once caught a glimpse of. It reminded me of a garage, with unfinished cement floors and plain drywall on the sides. A small table held a bowl of burning incense that made the air hazy. The edges of the room were stacked with boxes and crates that appeared to have been shoved to create an empty space around the edge of the room. Also along the edges was the Seattle immortal club: Hugh, Cody, Peter, Carter, and even Mei. Roman was probably there too, hidden because of Mei. In the center of the room, Erik was drawing chalk patterns on the floor. Jerome stood nearby, and Seth hovered uneasily between them and my friends along the wall. I think he was having a hard time deciding who was safest. If not for Mei, he probably would have chosen my friends. Mei watched Erik and Jerome with disapproval, her nearly black eyes narrowed and brick-red lips pursed. At last, she uncrossed her arms and strode toward the center, her stiletto heels clicking loudly against the cement. Seth scurried out of her way, retreating to the safety of my friends. â€Å"This is ridiculous,† Mei said. â€Å"You're wasting everyone's time. Even with all of them† – she gestured to the wall gang – â€Å"it's not enough to bring her back. You need to report it and get another succubus.† â€Å"I report it, and there'll be another archdemon here too.† Jerome cut her a look. â€Å"I'm kind of surprised you haven't done that already.† Good point. As his underling, Mei obeyed him, but she was ambitious. If Jerome got in trouble for losing me, it could be to her advantage. â€Å"I don't need to,† she said flatly. â€Å"You'll be telling them yourself soon. Why do I have to be here? I have no connection to her.† â€Å"Because I told you to! Stop arguing.† Jerome glared at her, and the two demons locked gazes. At last, Mei gave a sharp nod, but it didn't seem like she gave in because of his authority. It was more like he'd communicated something, and she was acknowledging it. She returned to the side of the room, opposite my friends now. Erik had to lean and get on his knees for a lot of his chalk work, something that had to be agony on his back. With a sigh, he finally stood up and examined his design. It showed two large concentric circles, filled and surrounded with a number of arcane symbols. Some I knew; some I didn't. Jerome studied the pattern too, and for the first time ever, my boss looked†¦nervous. â€Å"Is it ready?† he demanded. Erik nodded, one hand absentmindedly rubbing his back. â€Å"Barring the spell itself, yes.† Jerome's eyes fell on Seth, who flinched. â€Å"You,† said the demon. â€Å"Come here.† Seth eyed the pattern almost as uneasily as Jerome had. â€Å"What will happen to me?† â€Å"It won't kill you, if that's what you're worried about. And you can leave the circle whenever you want. Now stop wasting time.† I didn't like hearing Jerome boss Seth around. It stirred up those coals of rage that had been burning within me lately. I even grew angry seeing Seth obey; I kind of wanted him to defy Jerome. A moment later, I tried to banish such thoughts. I needed to save my fury for the Oneroi, not this group. Surely Jerome wasn't lying. Carter, who'd remained quiet throughout all of this, would have called Jerome on it. I hoped. Seth walked over to Jerome's side, careful not to step on any of the chalk lines – like how superstitious people avoid cracks on sidewalks. Erik gave Seth a small smile. â€Å"He's right, Mr. Mortensen. This won't hurt you. Though it will be†¦strange.† Mei suddenly went rigid again. â€Å"Him? That's all you're using? Jerome, one person can't – â€Å" â€Å"Enough!† roared Jerome. â€Å"I'm tired of listening to everyone backtalk me. Can we get on with this?† Erik nodded and walked over to the table with the incense. There was also a small bowl of water and a long, roughly hewn piece of stone. Smoky quartz, I thought. Erik picked it up carefully, reverently. He pushed the tip of the wand into the smoldering incense, and then held it up so the smoke could swathe it. A couple seconds later, he dipped the wand's end into the water. When that was completed, he began carrying the wand to the circle. â€Å"Wait,† Carter suddenly said. He straightened up from where he'd been slouching against some boxes. â€Å"I'm going in too.† â€Å"You're all crazy,† muttered Mei. â€Å"She has a point,† said Jerome. â€Å"If you're in here – â€Å" â€Å"I know, I know,† said Carter, stepping over the lines to join Jerome. â€Å"And I also know what might come out.† The two of them looked at each other, more silent messages passing, and then neither spoke again. Erik returned to the circle's center, holding the wand up high. Both Carter and Jerome had moved as far from the humans as possible without crossing the inner circle. As Erik's arms reached heavenward, he suddenly didn't seem like a weak old man. True, his body was frail and growing gaunter every day, but as he stood there and began chanting, he became so much more than human. Dante was a better magician when it came down to it, but Erik wasn't without his own power, even if rarely used. If I'd been there in the flesh, I would have felt the magic he was summoning. Knowing it was there almost made me believe I could see it. He finished his chant, spoken in words I only knew a little of, and then walked around the circle. He touched it in four spots with the wand, all equidistant from each other. The instant his wand touched the fourth spot, every immortal in the room suddenly flinched and looked uncomfortable – even the greater ones. Seth mostly looked confused. As a disconnected observer, my view was like Seth's. I saw nothing happen either. But I realized then that if I'd been there, I would have felt what all the other immortals had as well. Erik had locked the circle, slamming invisible walls into place. All magical circles were different, but he'd told Seth that he could cross out – meaning this was a circle to keep only immortals in. It wasn't exactly like a summoning. Summonings required massive amounts of magic because they were enslaving an immortal against his or her will. This circle was a prison too, but it required less magic because the immortals had entered it by choice. Jerome and Carter had just knowingly allowed themselves to be entrapped. This was why he wanted Mei around. For an unscrupulous magic user – say, like Dante – this was a golden opportunity. Two imprisoned greater immortals? It had infinite possibilities for a magician. Whatever Erik was doing here, I didn't believe he'd abuse this situation. But Jerome, being a demon, didn't trust anyone. Jerome had wanted Mei on hand to do some smiting if Erik wouldn't release his prisoners. Of course, she would be powerless to do anything until Erik left the circle – which he'd have to do eventually. If they were all trying to rescue me, though, Erik couldn't have created this circle with the intent of trapping Jerome and Carter specifically. The angel's words came back to me: I also know what might come out. Erik stood in front of Seth, who was growing more nervous by the second. The strain in Erik's face showed the power he was keeping in check. He couldn't play kindly old man right now, but he did what he could. â€Å"Do you care about Miss Kincaid?† he asked Seth. â€Å"Do you want to save her?† â€Å"Yes,† answered Seth swiftly. â€Å"Then you must think about her. Focus every ounce of your being on her. Imagine her. Cry out for her. There must be no other thoughts in your head – only her.† Seth looked puzzled but nodded. Erik turned to Jerome and Carter. â€Å"And you must stop him from going in entirely. You can't enter yourselves, but you can keep him here. You have to, or you'll lose both of them.† Erik waited for no acknowledgment from the angel and demon. He held up his wand again and touched Seth on his forehead, both cheeks, and chin. Seth shivered. â€Å"Remember,† said Erik. â€Å"When the gate opens, think of her. Only her. Reach for her. And when you find her, do not let go.† â€Å"Gate?† asked Seth. â€Å"What – â€Å" But Erik was chanting again, and a wind emerged out of nowhere, ruffling the hair of those in the circles. His voice grew more and more powerful, and then – I was back with the Oneroi. â€Å"What happened?† I exclaimed. For the millionth time, I wished I could beat on the walls of my prison. I wanted to claw their eyes out again. I wanted to choke them. â€Å"Show me what happens!† â€Å"Failure,† said One. â€Å"They won't succeed,† added Two. â€Å"The demoness was correct. A dozen humans who loved you couldn't reach you, let alone – â€Å" He stopped speaking. His eyes met One's, and then both glanced around as though searching for something. I tried to see what they saw or heard, but there was nothing for me. Only blackness and silence. Then, I felt the stirring of another dream coming over me. The dark world started to go blurry, and both Oneroi jerked their heads toward me. â€Å"No!† exclaimed Two, extending his hand. Everything grew clear again. I didn't dream. I stayed where I was. Georgina. My name. For the first time in – well, I had no idea how many days – I heard something that wasn't the Oneroi. It was so faint, a whisper lost on the wind. My name. One of them, at least. I couldn't tell where it came from, but every part of me tried to focus on it, to figure out its origin. Georgina. â€Å"Yes?† I said aloud. â€Å"I'm here!† The world grew blurry again. I didn't hear my name, but it was like the siren song all over again. Music without sound, colors without description. â€Å"Stop this!† cried One. I had never heard the Oneroi raise their voices. They always spoke in those low, sly tones. But they were pretty upset now. â€Å"Fight it!† This was Two, speaking to One. â€Å"Join me! Don't let it – â€Å" I left them for another dream. Or, well, more like another place. No, it wasn't even a place. It was like I was floating in space, in a nebula. Perhaps a hurricane was a more accurate way to describe it because things were swirling around me and blowing past. Wisps of smoke. Bits of colors. Brilliant stars. Some touched me. Some went through me. And every time I made contact, I felt an emotion – an emotion that wasn't my own. Happiness. Terror. With that emotion came a brief flash of an image. A green field. An airplane. A monster. It was a snowstorm of stimuli. I was lost and adrift, almost more scared than in my prison with the Oneroi. At least that had had some substance, no matter how insignificant. But this†¦what was this? Every once in a while, it would start to dissolve to black, like I might be returning to the box†¦. Then, the darkness would fade, again leaving me helpless in this mad riot of sensation. Georgina. My name again. And with it, that pull. That pull of familiarity. Though I technically had no body here either, I searched for that voice and that pull, looking through the riotous color. Georgina. It was stronger. That sense of summoning. I burned with the need to get to it. It was part of me. It was home. And then, in all that chaos, one light shone brighter than all the others. It was white, pure and pristine amidst the kaleidoscope raining down upon me. I stared at it, reached for it in as much as I could. The world started to fracture to black once again, but it was the last time. I wouldn't return to the box. Not with this light before me. It's hard to say if it became brighter and brighter or if it just grew closer and closer, but suddenly it was before me. It was around me. I was it. Just like when I'd brushed against those other dreams, I had a flash of vision that snapped me briefly from the whirlwind. I was in Seth's arms. Or was I? As he held me, his face seemed to shift over and over to different forms. No, it was him. I would know him anywhere. He was so familiar, and now this close to me, I couldn't let go of him. He was home. Georgina. The voice came again, and it was his. Georgina, don't let go. No. I wasn't letting go. I was never letting go again†¦. That brief moment of human contact gave way to the starry field of dreams, but this time, I had an anchor. I was with the light. I was the light. I felt it pulling me, but I needed no urging. I would go wherever it took me. I released all control. I had the sensation of floating, of being stretched and reaching forward. Behind me, something tugged at me, but it wasn't strong enough. I was moving forward. Forward and forward and – The sound of screaming filled the room. My screaming. Screaming over the pain of being torn apart and reassembled. Pain from being stripped of all energy within me. I was weak. Raw. Nothing. What room was this? I saw faces. Faces near me, faces along the room's wall. They looked at me like they knew me. Did they? Did I know them? My legs buckled underneath me, weak like a colt's. One of the men standing near me reached out, but I scrambled backward, needing to escape. I couldn't let him touch me. Of that, I was certain. My mind had been shredded and ripped open. I didn't want to be touched in any other way. The floor was cold and smooth as I scurried over it, but I was stopped by a wall. At least, it felt like one. I saw nothing there, only a blue line upon the floor. The invisible wall was familiar and triggered fear. It reminded me of the box. I drew my knees up to me, trying to make myself small as I trembled. The men near me – four of them – were speaking in a language I didn't know. They were arguing. One kept trying to come to me, but another stopped him. That one was terrifying. His features were nothing extraordinary – tall, with dark brown eyes and hair – but there was something about him that made me cold all over. There was power in him, power all around him. I could feel it and see it. It reminded me of sulfur. His eyes fell on me as he spoke harshly to the others, and I cringed further. I felt certain I knew him, but he still scared me. Suddenly, another of the men exclaimed something and touched the dark-haired one's arm. This man was blond. I sensed power around him too, but it felt different. It was clean and crystalline. All four turned around, putting their backs to me as they stared at something. Nothing was there at first, then I began to see and feel it. A glowing purple orb appeared before them, becoming larger and larger. As it did, I saw it was more of a spiral, its arms whirling as it grew. The two men who didn't radiate power stepped back. If the unseen wall had let me, I too would have moved away. Out of the purple light, two black forms suddenly materialized and stepped forward. Two black figures who were somehow luminescent at the same time and had brilliant blue eyes. My own eyes widened. I might not know anything else that was going on around me, but I knew them. I knew them, and I was going to kill them. I'm not sure how I did it since there seemed to be no spark of life left within me, yet somehow, I mustered the strength to spring up and run toward them. My shrieked words were incoherent, but it didn't matter. Only their destruction did. I would rip them apart. I would make them suffer the way they'd – Strong arms grabbed me, stopping me as surely as the wall had. It was the blond man, and his grip was like iron. â€Å"Let me go!† I screamed. â€Å"Let me go! I'll kill them! I'll kill them both!† The dark-haired man glanced back toward us. â€Å"Do not let her go,† he said mildly, this time in a language I understood. I fought in vain against the arms but made no progress. The dark-haired man turned to the Oneroi. â€Å"This isn't your world,† he said. â€Å"We've come for what's ours,† said one of the Oneroi. â€Å"You took her.† â€Å"I took back what was mine,† the dark-haired man countered. â€Å"You stole her.† â€Å"We won her. She came to us of her own free will.† The dark-haired man snorted. Jerome, I suddenly remembered. His name was Jerome. â€Å"We have different definitions of ‘free will,'† he said. â€Å"We want her back,† protested the Oneroi. â€Å"You're taking nothing back,† countered Jerome, voice hard. â€Å"Go before I change my mind.† I'd gone slack while they spoke, but now my fury was renewed. I struggled again. â€Å"Let me kill them!† I screamed. â€Å"Jerome, it's my right! Let me destroy them!† Jerome turned back, maybe surprised I'd used his name. â€Å"I don't think you're in any shape to kill anything.† â€Å"It's my right,† I said. â€Å"After what they did – they'll suffer like I did. I will shred them. I'll rip their souls out!† â€Å"They don't have souls,† he said dryly. â€Å"But I like your enthusiasm.† He turned back to the Oneroi. â€Å"So, you stole my succubus and tortured her.† His voice carried that reptilian chill. It froze my blood. It made the air crackle with tension. The Oneroi shifted uncomfortably. They weren't unaffected. â€Å"Because of her, our mother was recaptured,† one of them said. But he didn't sound as confident or outraged as before. â€Å"We are entitled to revenge.† â€Å"You believe insult to another justifies revenge?† asked Jerome. Oh, that voice. That voice made the air grow still. â€Å"Yes,† said the Oneroi as one. â€Å"Me too,† replied Jerome. He didn't even move, but I felt the power flare out from him, like a torch thrown into dry tinder. It exploded – and so did the Oneroi. Well, it was more like they imploded. That power hit them, and then – they were no more. Just like that. â€Å"Oh, Jerome,† said the man holding me. â€Å"Do you know what you've done?† Jerome glanced back at us and shrugged. â€Å"I don't like people taking my things.† The swirling purple gate had never left, and now it began to grow brighter and rotate faster. â€Å"Shit,† said Jerome. â€Å"I was hoping no one would notice.† The man holding me sighed. He looked down at me, and silvery gray eyes pierced my soul. â€Å"Listen to me. Do not move. Do you understand? Stay right here.† When I didn't answer, he sighed again. â€Å"Do you know me?† Did I? Yes. The eyes. I knew the eyes. â€Å"Carter.† The word came out strangely on my tongue. â€Å"Yes,† he said. â€Å"You know me. Trust me. Do not move.† He let go of me, waited to see what I'd do, and then walked up to join Jerome when I stayed in place. Nothing could have made me move anyway, not when I saw what came through the gate. It was monstrous. Literally. Yellow-eyed and scaly, mottled purple and gray. It had what looked like a pig's snout, and seven horns ran over its head like points on a crown. It towered over Jerome and Carter as it emerged from the gate, but the two of them stood where they were, regarding it defiantly. â€Å"You destroyed my subjects,† the creature growled. Its voice came from deep within its throat and made the floor vibrate. â€Å"You broke the laws.† â€Å"Your subjects were in our realm,† said Jerome. He was perfectly calm. â€Å"They stole one of my people and abused her. They broke the rules.† â€Å"That doesn't give you the right to do what you did,† came the response. â€Å"They would have destroyed her if they were capable of it. Next time, keep a better watch on your employees so that they don't go causing trouble where they shouldn't.† The monster's nostrils flared. â€Å"I could destroy you for this.† â€Å"Try,† said Jerome. â€Å"Try taking on both of us.† Those yellow eyes flicked over to Carter. A few teeth showed in the creature's mouth. I think he was smiling. â€Å"An angel and a demon fighting together. It would almost be worth seeing.† Heavy silence fell as everyone sized each other up. I had no sense of the monster's strength. Physical size was not proportional to power. Jerome and Carter, however, were burning like small suns, ready to burst at any moment. At last, the monster shrugged. Or did his equivalent of it. â€Å"But it's been enough just to see you defend each other's honor. I will not destroy you†¦today. There will be no more assaults on my people. If there are, I won't be so forgiving.† â€Å"And if your people don't leave mine alone,† said Jerome smoothly, â€Å"I won't be as forgiving either.† The creature snarled, and for a moment, I thought he might very well change his mind. He didn't. Instead, he stepped backward toward the purple light. He merged into it, vanishing to our eyes, and then the gate itself disappeared as well. â€Å"He is such a fucking liar,† said Jerome. â€Å"‘Forgiving' indeed. He knew we'd blast his scaly ass out of here.† â€Å"Yeah, well, I hope we never find if that's true or not,† said Carter. â€Å"Fighting a Morphean demon would generate paperwork even on my side.† Jerome's lips twitched into a smile. â€Å"Now that would be worth seeing.† I looked between both of them, my fear from the near-confrontation fading. With the last of my energy, I lunged for Jerome, beating my fists against his chest. He caught them and stopped me as easily as Carter had. â€Å"You should have let me do it! You should have let me destroy them! It was my right!† â€Å"That's what you're pissed off about? Georgie, I'm not even sure how you're still standing.† â€Å"It was my right,† I repeated. â€Å"You don't know what they did.† â€Å"I can make some good guesses.† I stopped in my struggles, and at last, the full force of everything that had happened descended on me. My being's full depletion hit me. I sagged in his arms, and he caught me. The sights and people around me were still a little muddled, but lots of things were starting to come back. â€Å"You were supposed to keep me safe,† I said in a small voice. I felt my eyes grow wet. â€Å"You shouldn't have let that happen – let them take me. You're supposed to protect me.† Jerome looked truly surprised and didn't respond to me immediately. I was afraid he'd get angry, but instead, he said quietly, â€Å"Yes. I am. I did in the end, but – I was late.† â€Å"Great apology,† said Carter. Now Jerome's anger returned. â€Å"I have nothing to apologize for!† He turned back to me, and again, his voice was calm and patient. Almost gentle. I knew this was uncharacteristic for him. â€Å"I brought you back. You're safe now. They will never harm you again. Do you understand?† I nodded. â€Å"Good. Now it's time to finish this.† Jerome turned toward the humans. One of them was old, very old – with dark brown skin and graying hair. His eyes were compassionate. The other man was younger, with messy hair and brown eyes that turned honey-amber when the light caught them. He was staring at me like he knew me, which wasn't a surprise because I knew him too. I didn't know how, but I did. In fact, I was beginning to realize I knew everyone in this room. Other names were coming back to me. This one man's name eluded me, though, largely because several kept popping into my head. He studied me intently, like he was trying to figure something out, and I found myself falling into those golden brown eyes. Jerome said something to the gray-haired man in that other language. I still couldn't understand it, but there was something familiar about its sounds. The old man didn't answer or move right away, and palpable tension fell over the entire room. At last the old man took a wand he was holding and began touching points on the circle upon the floor, murmuring softly as he did. When he touched the circle a fourth time, it was as though a great pressure – one I hadn't even known was there – was released from the room. Jerome exchanged a few curt words with the man and then turned to me. â€Å"As I was saying, how you're conscious is beyond me – but considering all the other absurd things you do, I shouldn't be surprised.† He stepped toward me and pressed his fingers to my forehead. I gasped as a jolt of†¦something†¦raced through me. At first, it was shocking and prickly. Then, it transformed into something sweeter and more wonderful. The most wonderful thing on earth. It filled me up, energizing me, making me whole. Until this moment, how could I have thought I was alive? The world came into greater focus, the sights grew more familiar. I staggered, not from weakness this time, but from the pure bliss of life Jerome had gifted me with. He said something to me in that other language, and I frowned, not understanding. He spoke again in my own words. â€Å"Change back, Georgina. Time to go.† â€Å"Change to what?† â€Å"Whatever you want. Your current favorite, I'd imagine. Not this.† His hand gestured toward my body. I examined myself for the first time. I wasn't quite as tall as him, a few inches shorter, maybe. My legs and arms were long and lean, my skin tanned from the sun. A plain ivory dress covered me, and I could see the tips of black hair falling onto my chest. I frowned. This was me†¦and yet not me. â€Å"Change back, Georgina,† he repeated. â€Å"That's not my name,† I said. â€Å"Shake off what they've done,† he said, clearly impatient. â€Å"It's over. They've fogged your mind, but you can clear it. Change back, Georgina. Come back to this time.† His next words were in that other language, and I shook my head angrily. â€Å"I don't understand. I shouldn't be here. This is my body, but this isn't my time.† He gave another command that I still didn't comprehend, and I uttered the same response. Three times we went through this, and then on the fourth, his words came through to me, perfectly understandable. I knew what he was speaking. The English language exploded in my mind, and with it, much more. I held out my hands before me, staring long and hard as though seeing them for the first time. â€Å"This is my time,† I murmured in English. I looked down at my long legs. A strange sense of revulsion ran through me. â€Å"This is not my body.† Yet†¦it was. It was, and it wasn't. With no energy, it was what I had reverted to. â€Å"What's your name?† he demanded. Letha. My name is Letha. â€Å"Georgina,† I said. And with that, I summoned the power to make my body's shape change. Slim and short, with light brown hair, and golden green eyes. The off-white homespun shift became a blue cotton dress. A moment later, I changed it to jeans and a blue shirt. Jerome glanced at Carter. â€Å"See? No harm done.† Carter didn't acknowledge that. Instead, he asked, â€Å"So now what?† â€Å"Now?† Jerome's gaze fell on me again. â€Å"Now Georgina sleeps.† â€Å"What?† I cried. â€Å"No! Not after†¦no. I'm never sleeping again.† Jerome almost smiled before touching my forehead again. I slept.